Spirulina has emerged as a valuable nutraceutical intervention in ophthalmic practice, particularly in the prevention and adjunct management of cataractogenesis and retinal oxidative stress-related disorders. Its exceptionally high content of natural β-carotene (over 20 times higher than that in carrots) provides a potent source of provitamin A, which is crucial for maintaining retinal pigment integrity, photoreceptor function, and delaying age-related degenerative changes (Karkos et al., 2011; Belay, 2002). In Indian populations where micronutrient deficiencies and UV exposure are common contributors to early-onset cataracts, Spirulina offers a dietary means to enhance ocular antioxidant reserves and reduce lens protein aggregation.
Preclinical studies have demonstrated that phycocyanin and other antioxidant compounds in Spirulina inhibit lipid peroxidation in lens epithelial cells, mitigate reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and preserve crystallin structure—thus delaying cataract progression (Siva et al., 2016). Additionally, Spirulina supports retinal vascular health through its anti-inflammatory properties and has shown promise in reducing retinal ischemic injury and macular degeneration risk. Given its high bioavailability, safety, and synergistic composition of carotenoids, trace elements, and chlorophyll, Spirulina serves as an effective adjunct in ophthalmologic care—especially in India where nutritional blindness and oxidative eye diseases continue to pose a public health burden.